Yesaya 14:9

14:9 Sheol ¹  below is stirred up about you,

ready to meet you when you arrive.

It rouses ²  the spirits of the dead for you,

all the former leaders of the earth; ³ 

it makes all the former kings of the nations

rise from their thrones. ⁴ 

Yesaya 14:13

14:13 You said to yourself, ⁵ 

“I will climb up to the sky.

Above the stars of El ⁶ 

I will set up my throne.

I will rule on the mountain of assembly

on the remote slopes of Zaphon. ⁷ 

Yesaya 14:19

14:19 But you have been thrown out of your grave

like a shoot that is thrown away. ⁸ 

You lie among ⁹  the slain,

among those who have been slashed by the sword,

among those headed for ¹⁰  the stones of the pit, ¹¹ 

as if you were a mangled corpse. ¹² 

Yesaya 26:14

26:14 The dead do not come back to life,

the spirits of the dead do not rise. ¹³ 

That is because ¹⁴  you came in judgment ¹⁵  and destroyed them,

you wiped out all memory of them.

Yesaya 38:19

38:19 The living person, the living person, he gives you thanks,

as I do today.

A father tells his sons about your faithfulness.

Yesaya 41:11

41:11 Look, all who were angry at you will be ashamed and humiliated;

your adversaries ¹⁶  will be reduced to nothing ¹⁷  and perish.

Yesaya 62:2

62:2 Nations will see your vindication,

and all kings your splendor.

You will be called by a new name

that the Lord himself will give you. ¹⁸ 

[14:9]  ¹ sn Sheol is the proper name of the subterranean world which was regarded as the land of the dead.

[14:9]  ² tn Heb “arousing.” The form is probably a Polel infinitive absolute, rather than a third masculine singular perfect, for Sheol is grammatically feminine (note “stirred up”). See GKC 466 §145.t.

[14:9]  ³ tn Heb “all the rams of the earth.” The animal epithet is used metaphorically here for leaders. See HALOT 903 s.v. *עַתּוּד.

[14:9]  ⁴ tn Heb “lifting from their thrones all the kings of the nations.” הֵקִים (heqim, a Hiphil perfect third masculine singular) should be emended to an infinitive absolute (הָקֵים, haqem). See the note on “rouses” earlier in the verse.

[14:13]  ⁵ tn Heb “you, you said in your heart.”

[14:13]  ⁶ sn In Canaanite mythology the stars of El were astral deities under the authority of the high god El.

[14:13]  ⁷ sn Zaphon, the Canaanite version of Olympus, was the “mountain of assembly” where the gods met.

[14:19]  ⁸ tn Heb “like a shoot that is abhorred.” The simile seems a bit odd; apparently it refers to a small shoot that is trimmed from a plant and tossed away. Some prefer to emend נֵצֶר (netser, “shoot”); some propose נֵפֶל (nefel, “miscarriage”). In this case one might paraphrase: “like a horrible-looking fetus that is delivered when a woman miscarries.”

[14:19]  ⁹ tn Heb “are clothed with.”

[14:19]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “those going down to.”

[14:19]  ¹¹ tn בּוֹר (bor) literally means “cistern”; cisterns were constructed from stones. On the metaphorical use of “cistern” for the underworld, see the note at v. 15.

[14:19]  ¹² tn Heb “like a trampled corpse.” Some take this line with what follows.

[26:14]  ¹³ sn In light of what is said in verse 14b, the “dead” here may be the “masters” mentioned in verse 13.

[26:14]  ¹⁴ tn The Hebrew term לָכֵן (lakhen) normally indicates a cause-effect relationship between what precedes and follows and is translated, “therefore.” Here, however, it infers the cause from the effect and brings out what is implicit in the previous statement. See BDB 487 s.v.

[26:14]  ¹⁵ tn Heb “visited [for harm]” (cf. KJV, ASV); NAB, NRSV “you have punished.”

[41:11]  ¹⁶ tn Heb “the men of your strife”; NASB “those who contend with you.”

[41:11]  ¹⁷ tn Heb “like nothing”; NAB “come to nought.”

[62:2]  ¹⁸ tn Heb “which the mouth of the Lord will designate.”